Chapter 14 Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What was the belief of Thaddeus Stevens and other congressional Republicans who criticized Lincoln’s approach to Reconstruction? a. The South’s plantation elite erred in establishing the Confederacy, but the Union itself was never broken and endured through the Civil War. b. The Reconstruction process outlined in the Constitution should be closely followed. c. The president has sole responsibility for Reconstruction. d. The Confederate states, by seceding and making war against the United States, lost their status as states and should now be treated as conquered territories. 2. Which constitutional amendment abolished slavery, passed by Congress in 1865? a. Twelfth Amendment b. Thirteenth Amendment c. Fourteenth Amendment d. Fifteenth Amendment 3. Freed slaves, after the Civil War, __________________. a. fought hard to establish racially integrated public schools b. showed a great desire for education as the means of escaping the ignorance of slavery c. concentrated solely on providing primary school education for their children d. disappointed Northern reformers with their apparent lack of interest in education 4. African Americans who won public office during Reconstruction _____________. a. mostly came from the prewar educated African-American elite b. were mostly self-educated individuals who rose from slavery c. came from the North d. were illiterate and uneducated 5. Many freedmen saw emancipation as the opportunity to ______________. a. punish their former masters b. take advantage of the economic opportunities offered them by Northern factory owners c. create their own institutions free of white control d. demand passage of legislation outlawing social, economic, and political discrimination on the basis of race 6. After the Civil War, most African-American farmers eventually worked: a. As sharecroppers, paying a portion of their farm proceeds as rent b. As domestic servants in the North c. As hired field hands under a contract for wages from their former masters d. As independent landowners 7. When sharecropping first originated: a. It allowed African Americans to buy land on credit b. It was forced on African Americans by ruthless landowners c. It gave African Americans freedom from daily supervision by white landowners or overseers