1. Which of the following is the primary cause of cardiogenic

shock?

a) Primary pulmonary hypertension

b) Acute myocardial infarction

c) Atrial fibrillation

d) Renal failure

Answer: b) Acute myocardial infarction

Rationale: Cardiogenic shock typically occurs as a result of

significant and widespread damage to the heart muscle,

often caused by an acute myocardial infarction.

2. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of heart failure?

a) Severe abdominal pain

b) Jugular venous distention

c) Hyperglycemia

d) Polyuria

Answer: b) Jugular venous distention

Rationale: Jugular venous distention occurs as a result of an

increased central venous pressure, which is commonly seen

in heart failure due to impaired filling and pumping of the

heart.

3. Which of the following types of cardiomyopathy is

characterized by abnormal thickening of the heart muscle?

a) Dilated cardiomyopathy

b) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

c) Restrictive cardiomyopathy

d) Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Answer: b) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy