1. Describe the APRN Consensus Model and the APRN practice

The APRN Consensus Model is a framework that defines the roles, education, certification, and

licensure of advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) in the United States. The model aims to

promote consistency and quality of APRN practice across different states and settings. The model

identifies four roles for APRNs: nurse practitioner (NP), clinical nurse specialist (CNS), certified

nurse-midwife (CNM), and certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA). Each role has a specific

population focus, such as family, adult-gerontology, neonatal, women's health, etc. The model also

establishes the criteria for APRN education programs, national certification exams, and state

licensure requirements. The model requires that APRNs complete a graduate degree program that

prepares them for one of the four roles and one of the population foci. The program must include

core courses in advanced physiology/pathophysiology, advanced health assessment, and advanced

pharmacology. The program must also provide clinical practice hours that are supervised by

qualified preceptors. After completing the program, APRNs must pass a national certification exam

that corresponds to their role and population focus. The exam must be administered by an accredited

certification body that is recognized by the state board of nursing. The exam must test the APRN's

knowledge, skills, and abilities in their chosen specialty. Once certified, APRNs must obtain a state

license that authorizes them to practice in their role and population focus. The license must be

consistent with the national certification and follow the state's scope of practice regulations. The

license must also include the authority to prescribe medications and order diagnostic tests.

The APRN practice is the application of the APRN's knowledge, skills, and abilities in providing

care to patients within their role and population focus. The APRN practice is based on the standards

of professional nursing and the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence,

justice, and fidelity. The APRN practice is guided by the best available evidence and incorporates

the patient's preferences, values, and needs. The APRN practice is collaborative and

interdisciplinary, involving consultation and referral with other health care providers as appropriate.

The APRN practice is holistic and patient-centered, addressing the physical, mental, emotional,

social, cultural, spiritual, and environmental aspects of health and illness. The APRN practice is

accountable and responsible for the outcomes of care and the quality improvement of the health care

system.

2. What are the four core competencies of APRNs according to the Consensus Model?

Answer: The four core competencies are: direct clinical practice, guidance and coaching,

consultation, and ethical decision-making.

3. What are the three types of prescriptive authority for APRNs in the United States?

Answer: The three types of prescriptive authority are: independent, collaborative, and dependent.

4. What are some of the benefits of interprofessional collaboration for APRNs and their patients?

Answer: Some of the benefits are: improved quality and safety of care, reduced costs and errors,