1.Which condition provides the greatest support for a strong genetic contribution to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)? --Concordance among dizygotic twins is 10%. 2.Juliet tells a nurse that she has three aunts who were diagnosed with breast cancer. She asks if she should have genetic testing. What should the nurse tell her?­­“Your family history may indicate an increased risk for breast cancer and a genetic counselor could help you.” 3. How are malignant tumors different from benign tumors? --Benign tumors have totally normal features, and malignant tumors have totally abnormal features. 4. A patient. has high concentration of insulin receptors that require insulin for glucose to enter. How should insulin dosages be adjusted for this patient? - Insulin dosages should be decreased because the drug will exert its actions at lower concentrations. 5. What is the result of a mutation occurring in a suppressor gene?--Loss of an existing function 6. Which statemt regarding the biology of cancer is always true?--CA cells arise from normal cells. 7. What is the best description of the genetic contribution to onset of autism? -Known causes of autism spectrum include copy number variants and chromosomal problems. 8.What would be the patient’s response to a normal drug dose that because of a genetic variation in an enzyme that prepares the drug for elimination results in a blood drug level that is below the minimum effective concentration (MEC)? --The intended response fails to be produced. 9.Julia is BRCA1 positive. Julia has decided to have both of her ovaries removed because she believes that, in her family, being BRCA1 positive increases the risk for ovarian cancer only. How should a genetic counselor respond to Julia’s statement? -Clarify that a BRCA1 mutation does not preferentially express ovarian cancer over breast cancer in any given family. 10. A patient with a fractured elbow in the ER states that he needs morphine for pain rather than codeine because the last time he had a painful injury, codeine was not effective in managing his pain. What is the nurse’s best response? Communicate this information to the admitting physician. 11. Which type of genetic testing is the most sensitive method for detecting any mutation in a specific gene?--Direct DNA sequencing 12. Which normal cell characteristic is represented by the production of insulin in the beta cells of the pancreas? --Performance of a differentiated function 13. An 85-year-old patient states that she does not perform breast self-exam because there is no history of breast cancer in her family. What is the best response?