Chapter 1: An Overview of Analytical Chemistry 1. The level of Bisphenol A (BPA; a hormone disruptor) in water stored in some plastic drinking bottles has been disputed. If you were going to design a study involving collected urine from animals to examine this dispute, how would you state the specific question to be investigated? (A) What is the problem to be analyzed in this investigation? (B) Polycarbonate bottles (#7 recycling code) could be part of the investigation. Describe one more aspect, besides their #7 classification, that you would want to know about the polycarbonate bottles used in an investigation? (C) For this analysis, identify the sample (D) For this analysis, identify the analyte (E) For this analysis, identify the matrix (F) If the amounts of BPA levels were in the 10.6 ng/mL range, would that fall into the major, minor, or trace levels? (You must prove your choice by converting the level to a percentage that will classify it.) 2. The level of Bisphenol A (BPA; a hormone disruptor) in water stored in some plastic drinking bottles has been disputed. (A) Identify one qualitative and one quantitative observation that would likely be made during the study. (B)The following partial list provides terms that relate to common questions addressed in analytical chemistry. Which could apply to the narrative in question #1? Chemical Identification; Structural Analysis; Property Characterization; Spatial Analysis; Time-dependent Analysis. 3. Some studies have been done to investigate the possible relationship between autism and vaccinations. Using the following paragraph as a summary, answer the following questions. There has been some public concern about the safety of childhood vaccines. Some parents have questioned the possible links between vaccinations and symptoms of autism and other disorders. A mercury-containing compound called thimerosal was previously used as a preservative in some vaccines. (A) Use the summary to identify a chemical problem to be analyzed regarding vaccines. (B) Of course vaccines are important for public safety. However, side effects do exist. Suppose a certain vaccine study was tested on 7 500 people. However, after approval and use of 15 million doses, it was found that a small increase in a certain disease was detected. Was this likely an error in sample preparation or sampling? Briefly explain your answer. (C) Currently children receive about 38 shots against 15 diseases before kindergarten. (U.S. News, Feb 09) The incidences of many of those diseases, such as polio and mumps, have dropped to very low levels, however, there are also reports of 30 000 “adverse events” or significant side effects. Of the following, which is the conclusion we could accurately report? (i) vaccines are unsafe and should never