3 zones of the O.R.ANS 1) unrestricted zone 2) semi-restricted zone 3) restricted zone Temp range in the restricted zoneANS 68-75 degrees Fahrenheit Number of air exchanges per hour in the restricted zoneANS 20 exchanges (under positive pressure) Nursing goals & intervention strategies are part of which phase of the nursing processANS Outcome identification Data collection is part of which phase in the nursing processANS Assessment 4 steps of Universal Protocol areANS 1) Patient participation 2) identifying the patient 3) marking the site 4) time-out 3 types of errorsANS 1) Skill-based 2) Situational 3) Knowledge-based 3 principal elements required for an infection to occurANS 1) a source or reservoir 2) susceptible host 3) method of transmission Peri-op personnel precautions for the spread of airborne infections includeANS -taking the pt from the airborne iso room to surgery & then directly back to the room - wearing PPE - using an airborne iso room - wearing a N95 or higher Foundation of SSI prevention isANS Sterile technique Health care workers should be immunized withANS -Hep B -seasonal influenza -varicella OSHA requires health care personnel to wear what to prevent potential infectious materials from occuringANS -mask - eye protection - gloves immunizations & testing for health care workers don't includeANS shingles whose in charge of obtaining informed consentANS Physicians Surgical ConscienceANS consider items of doubtful sterility to be contaminated SterileANS the absence of all living microorganisms AsepticANS the absence of all PATHOGENIC microorganisms When is 'closed' assisted gloving usedANS When gloving other team members during initial gowning & gloving Spaulding Classification SystemANS 1) Critical 2) Semicritical 3) Noncritical When should pre-op antibiotics be givenANS 60 mins before the start of the procedure Process of SterilizationANS 1) Cleaning 2) Decontamination 3) Assembly 4) Packaging 5) Sterilization 6) Storage 7) Transportation What is the single most important step in making a medical device ready for reuseANS CLEANING 4 parameters that affect steam sterilizationANS 1) saturation 2) pressure 3) temp 4) time True or false; paracetic acid sterilization can be done on all surgical itemsANS FALSE What does biological monitoring documentANS the efficacy of specific sterilization cycles; NOT the sterility of an item What type of sterilization is carcinogenic & mutagenic to personnel & patientsANS Ethylene oxide In order for peracetic acid to be use on surgical items they must be...?ANS Immersible What does indicator measureANS -temp -time -presence of steam When passing sharps during a procedure, the best way to protect yourself & surgeon is by using__?ANS A neutral zone What are curved mayo scissors used forANS To cut heavy tissue What biting instrument is used for cutting tough tissue or boneANS A rongeur Atraumatic forceps are most often used in__?ANS Cardiovascular surgeries What are complications associated with laparoscopic surgeriesANS 1) wound infections 2) CO2 embolism What pieces of equipment are used in laparoscopic surgeriesANS 1) CO2 insufflators 2) ESU 3) smoke evacuators What region of the abdomen is used for lap surgeriesANS Peri umbilical Draping considerationsANS 1) drape from sterile to unsterile by draping the nearest first 2) ensure that drapes are applied after prep is dried 3) when draping the opposite side, the scrubbed person should walk around the OR bed to drape What agents are effective in removing resident microorganismsANS Chemical agents Hair removal from surgical patientsANS Only required when the hair is so thick that it will interfere with the procedure When do you prep the area with the highest microbial countANS LAST What may act as insulation if a dispersive lad is placed on itANS Scar tissue Generator that convert electrical energy into mechanical energyANS Ultrasonic device Assessment conducted as part of the time out that addresses use of alcohol based solutionsANS Fire risk assessment Type of allergic response that occurs within 5-30 mins of exposure to an antigenANS Immediate Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction What is one method to reduce intra-op skin injuryANS Ensuring that prep solutions do NOT pool under the patient