1. Musculoskeletal System - Q: A 58-year-old male patient presents with a hip fracture. Which type of bone cell is primarily involved in the synthesis of new bone tissue during his recovery? - A) Osteoclasts - B) Osteoblasts - C) Chondrocytes - D) Osteocytes - Answer: B) Osteoblasts - Rationale: Osteoblasts are responsible for new bone formation, which is crucial in the healing process following a fracture. 2. Cardiovascular System - Q: In assessing a patient with congestive heart failure, understanding the flow of blood through the heart chambers is essential. Which sequence correctly represents this flow? - A) Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta - B) Left atrium → Left ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Aorta - C) Right atrium → Left atrium → Right ventricle → Left ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Aorta - D) Left ventricle → Left atrium → Lungs → Pulmonary artery → Right ventricle → Right atrium → Aorta - Answer: A) Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta - Rationale: This sequence accurately describes the path of blood circulation through the heart and lungs, which is fundamental knowledge for nursing practice. 3. Respiratory System - Q: A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing difficulty in exhaling. Which anatomical changes are most likely responsible for this symptom? - A) Alveolar wall destruction and loss of elastic recoil - B) Overproduction of mucus in the bronchi - C) Thickening of the bronchial walls