1. Short Answer: Describe the process of carbon sequestration in oceanic environments. Answer: Carbon sequestration in oceanic environments involves the absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere by the ocean's surface, which is then converted into carbonates or taken up by marine organisms, eventually settling on the ocean floor. Rationale: This question assesses students' understanding of the carbon cycle, specifically the role of oceans in carbon storage. 2. Levels of Response: Evaluate the effectiveness of afforestation in altering the water cycle in arid regions. Answer: Afforestation can increase soil permeability, leading to greater groundwater recharge and reduced surface runoff. However, the water demand of trees may reduce water availability for other uses. Rationale: This question requires students to analyze the impact of human activities on the water cycle and consider both positive and negative outcomes. 3. Extended Prose: Discuss the challenges and opportunities of managing water resources in the context of a growing population in hot desert systems.