1. How do organisms obtain and transfer energy? Answer: Organisms obtain energy through the process of photosynthesis, in which they convert sunlight into chemical energy stored in the form of glucose. This energy is then transferred to other organisms through consumption. 2. Explain the role of ATP in energy transfer within cells. Answer: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that serves as the primary energy carrier within cells. It releases energy when its phosphate group is cleaved off, providing energy for cellular processes. 3. Describe the process of respiration and its role in energy transfer within organisms. Answer: Respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose to produce ATP, releasing energy in the form of heat. This energy is used to power cellular functions and maintain homeostasis. 4. How do organisms respond to changes in their internal environment? Answer: Organisms respond to changes in their internal environment through processes like negative feedback mechanisms, which maintain internal conditions within a narrow range to ensure optimal functioning.