1. Explain the differences between a polar and nonpolar molecule, and provide an example of each. Answer: A polar molecule has an uneven distribution of charge, while a nonpolar molecule has an even distribution of charge. An example of a polar molecule is water, and an example of a nonpolar molecule is carbon dioxide. 2. Discuss the concept of chirality in organic chemistry and its importance in pharmaceuticals. Answer: Chirality refers to the property of a molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image. In pharmaceuticals, chirality is crucial as enantiomers can have different biological activities. 3. Define the term isomerism and provide examples of structural, geometric, and optical isomers. Answer: Isomerism is when compounds with the same molecular formula have different structures. Examples include structural isomers (butane and isobutane), geometric isomers (cis- and trans-2-butene), and optical isomers (D- and Lalanine). 4. Explain the concept of resonance in organic chemistry and provide an example of a molecule that exhibits resonance.