1. Multiple Choice: Which approach in psychology emphasizes unconscious processes and conflicts within the mind? a) Behavioral b) Cognitive c) Psychodynamic d) Humanistic Correct Answer: c) Psychodynamic Rationale: The psychodynamic approach focuses on the role of the unconscious mind, as well as childhood experiences, which is not a focus of the other listed approaches. 2. Short Answer: Explain the term 'operant conditioning' and give an example. Correct Answer: Operant conditioning is a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. For example, a student studies harder after being praised for their good grades. 3. Multiple Choice: What is the main focus of cognitive psychology? a) Observing external behaviors b) Studying mental processes c) Analyzing the structure of the mind d) Understanding the role of genetics Correct Answer: b) Studying mental processes