1. Which mechanism describes the reaction in which a

nucleophile attacks the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde or

ketone to form a new carbon-oxygen (C-O) bond?

a) Electrophilic substitution

b) Nucleophilic addition

c) Electrophilic addition

d) Nucleophilic substitution

Answer: b) Nucleophilic addition

Rationale: Nucleophilic addition reactions involve the

attack of a nucleophile on a polarized π bond or the carbon

of a carbonyl group, resulting in the formation of a new CO bond.

2. Which reaction mechanism involves the transfer of a

hydrogen atom and a halogen atom to two different

reactants, usually in the presence of heat or light?

a) Free radical substitution

b) Electrophilic substitution

c) Nucleophilic substitution

d) Electrophilic addition

Answer: a) Free radical substitution

Rationale: Free radical substitution reactions involve the

replacement of an atom or a group in a molecule with a free

radical (species with an unpaired electron), leading to the

formation of a new bond.

3. Which of the following reaction mechanisms involves