In order to make a manager's task easier, the types of communication channels are grouped

into three main groups: formal, informal and unofficial.

1. Formal Communication Channels

 A formal communication channel transmits information such as the goals, policies and

procedures of an organization. Messages in this type of communication channel follow a

chain of command. This means information flows from a manager to his subordinates

and they in turn pass on the information to the next level of staff.

 An example of a formal communication channel is a company's newsletter, which gives

employees as well as the clients a clear idea of a company's goals and vision. It also

includes the transfer of information with regard to memoranda, reports, directions, and

scheduled meetings in the chain of command.

 A business plan, customer satisfaction survey, annual reports, employer's manual,

review meetings are all formal communication channels.

2. Informal Communication Channels

 Within a formal working environment, there always exists an informal communication

network. The strict hierarchical web of communication cannot function efficiently on its

own and hence there exists a communication channel outside of this web. While this

type of communication channel may disrupt the chain of command, a good manager

needs to find the fine balance between the formal and informal communication

channel.

 An example of an informal communication channel is lunchtime at the organization's

cafeteria/canteen. Here, in a relaxed atmosphere, discussions among employees are

encouraged. Also managers walking around, adopting a hands-on approach to handling

employee queries is an example of an informal communication channel.

 Quality circles, team work, different training programs are outside of the chain of

command and so, fall under the category of informal communication channels.

3. Unofficial Communication Channels

 Good managers will recognize the fact that sometimes communication that takes place

within an organization is interpersonal. While minutes of a meeting may be a topic of

discussion among employees, sports, politics and TV shows also share the floor.

 The unofficial communication channel in an organization is the organization's

'grapevine.' It is through the grapevine that rumors circulate. Also those engaging in

'grapevine' discussions often form groups, which translate into friendships outside of

the organization. While the grapevine may have positive implications, more often than

not information circulating in the grapevine is exaggerated and may cause unnecessary

alarm to employees. A good manager should be privy to information circulating in this

unofficial communication channel and should take positive measures to prevent the

flow of false information.