ASU Biography 340 Test 1 1. discriminating breeding (evolutionary theory) ANS the process of expanding structures accompanying specific traits as preferred for one breeders 2. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) ANS Layperson botanist the one written an reason of inherited broadcast in plants in 1866. Known for welcome blob-plant experiments and usually refer to as the "father of genetics" 3. new transmission of traits from parents to offspring ANS the study of inheritance and the difference of inherited integrity- istics 4. bacterial mutating law ANS an experiment projected by Frederick Griffith in 1928 which submitted that a "revolutionizing standard" from a heatcancelled hostile Pneumococcus strain can transform a non-poisonous strain into a pathogenic individual. 5. Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) ANS organic investigators who recognized Gene as the likely revolutionizing standard in Griffith's experiment. 6. Hershey and Chase (1952) ANS concluded that the ancestral material of the bacterio- phage was Heredity, not protein. 7. Edwin Chargaff ANS Austrian biochemist the one found that equal quantities of A and T, C and G were present in DNA (grown the completing base-making rule for Gene). 8. Frederick Griffith (1928) ANS British bacteriologist; the first person to show that inherited facts maybe moved from one container to another across alternatively across 9. genome ANS the complete set of hereditary information transported by a class 10. upright broadcast ANS gene broadcast 'tween creatures outside parental duplication 11. level broadcast ANS deoxyribonucleic acid broadcast from parents to their child through duplication (false name honest) 12. DNA copy ANS the process at which point RNA create a duplicate copy of itself. 13. copy ANS combining of an Deoxyribonucleic acid particle from a DNA motif 14. mRNA (go-between Deoxyribonucleic acid) ANS a alone-abandoned RNA particle that encodes the news to form a protein 15. inherited material ANS the information that is gived from individual natural genera- tion to the next (encrypted in Chromosome in persons). 16. Pauling and Core (1951) ANS organic researchers the one determined the footing for research on RNA structure (projected an beginning loop model as a makeup for nucleic acid) 17. Watson and Jarring (1953) ANS two together physicists the one found the structure and shape of Chromosome 18. nucleotide ANS a component of Heredity, containing a five-carbon carbohydrate covalently shackled to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. 19. genes ANS Heredity portions that serve as the key working parts in inherited broadcast. 20. chromosomes 2 / 12 ANS a like a thread structure of deoxyribonucleic acid and protein in the direction of the core of most living containers, carrying hereditary facts in the form of genes. 21. nucleoid ANS a thick domain of DNA in a prokaryotic container. 22. having two of something ANS holding two complete sets of chromosomes, individual from each person (2n) 23. haploid ANS an animal or container bearing alone complete set of chromosomes (n) 24. gametes ANS human sex containers holding individual set of 23 chromosomes 25. similar chromosomes ANS matched pairs of chromosomes in a having more than one and less than three or- ganism 26. Chargaff's Rule ANS A=T and C=G 27. position ANS position of a deoxyribonucleic acid on a deoxyribonucleic acid 28. Meselson and Stahl (1958) ANS Bacterial cells were developed in a weighty isotope of nitrogen, 15N All the Chromosome organized 15N Containers were switched to news holding easier 14N Gene was extracted from the containers at differing occasion breaks 29. central principle ANS hypothesis that states that, in containers, facts only flows from RNA to RNA to proteins 30. rewording ANS deciphering of a mRNA meaning into a polypeptide chain 31. introduction of translation ANS mRNA is joined to a subunit of the ribosome, the first codon is continually AUG 32. design fiber ANS the strand of RNA that designates the completing mRNA particle 33. nontemplate strand ANS The un-reproduced spouse of the motif fiber of Deoxyribonucleic acid used in copy. 34. Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase ANS something which incites activity that links together the increasing chain of RNA nu- cleotides all the while copy utilizing a Gene strand as a motif. 35. polypeptide ANS long chain of amino acids that create proteins 36. amino acids ANS construction blocks of proteins 37. trio codon ANS three nucleotide series on mRNA that codes for specific amino acid 38. start codon ANS codon that signals to ribosomes to start interpretation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein (AUG) 39. stop codon ANS UAG, UAA, or UGA; the codon that ends all Deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. 40. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) ANS English wildlife expert who supposed a evolutionary theory by evolutionary theory. 41. Alfred Wallace (1823-1913) ANS "Father of Biogeography," was the first to intend that animal species have "geographies" 42. evolutionary theory ANS a process at which point things that have sure hereditary traits likely to remain and photocopy at larger rates than other things by way of those characteristics. 43. attack with qualification ANS law that each living class has condescended, accompanying changes, from other class over opportunity