ATI ADVANCED MED SURG PROCTORED 2023-2024 VERSION B LATEST ACTUAL EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+

ATI ADVANCED MED SURG PROCTORED 2023-2024 VERSION B

LATEST ACTUAL EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED

ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+

Nursing interventions for status asthmaticus - ANSWER- -place in highfowler's

-prepare for emergency intubation

-administer oxygen, epinephrine, and systemic steroid as prescribed

-provide emotional support

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - ANSWER- encompasses

pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD is not reversible.

Pulmonary emphysema - ANSWER- -destruction of alveoli, narrowing

of bronchioles, and trapping of air resulting in loss of lung elasticity

Contributing factors of pulmonary emphysema - ANSWER- -cigarette

smoking (main causative factor); passive smoke inhalation

-advanced age

-exposure to air pollution

-Alpha-antitrypsin deficiency (inability to break down pollutants)

-Occupational dust and chemical exposure

Manifestations of emphysema - ANSWER- -dyspnea with productive

cough

-difficult exhalation, use of pursed-lip breathing

-wheezing, crackles

-barrel chest

-shallow, rapid respirations

-respiratory acidosis with hypoxia

-weight loss

-clubbed fingernails

-fatigue

Chronic bronchitis - ANSWER- inflammation and hypersecretion of

mucus in the bronchi and bronchioles caused by chronic exposure to

irritants

Contributing factors to chronic bronchitis - ANSWER- -cigarette

smoking (main causative factor)

-exposure to air pollution and other environmental irritatants

Manifestations of chronic bronchitis - ANSWER- -productive cough

-thick, tenacious sputum

-hypoxemia

-respiratory acidosis

Diagnostic procedure for COPD - ANSWER- -chest x-ray

-pulmonary function test: air remains trapped in lungs

-pulse oximetry: often less than 90%

-ABGs: chronic respiratory acidosis

-CT-scan

Nursing interventions for COPD - ANSWER- -assess respiratory status

-assess cardiac status for signs of right-sided failure

-position upright and leaning forward

-schedule activities to allow for frequent rest periods

-administer oxygen therapy as prescribed

-use incentive spirometry

-encourage fluids 2 to 3 L per day unless contraindicated

-encourage high-calorie diet

-provide emotional support

Medications for COPD - ANSWER- -bronchodilators

-methylxanthines

-anti-inflammatory agents

-mucolytic agents

Therapeutic measures for COPD - ANSWER- -chest

physiotherapy/pulmonary drainage

-lung reduction surgery

Education and referral for COPD - ANSWER- -breathing techniques

-oxygen therapy

-medications

-nutrition

-promote smoking cessation

-infection prevention measures

-encourage immunizations for pneumonia and influenza

-pulmonary rehabilitation

-activity pacing

Complications of COPD - ANSWER- Cor Pulmonale: right-sided heart

failure caused by pulmonary disease.

Manifestations of Cor Pulmonale - ANSWER- -hypoxia (deficient

perfusion) and hypoxemia (deficient oxygen in blood)

-extreme dyspnea

-cyanotic lips

-JVD

-dependent edema

-hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)

-pulmonary hypertension

Nursing interventions of Cor Pulmonale - ANSWER- -monitor

respiratory status