1. A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic kidney disease who is on a

low-protein diet. The nurse knows that the patient needs to limit the intake

of which of the following amino acids?

a) Essential amino acids

b) Nonessential amino acids

c) Branched-chain amino acids

d) Sulfur-containing amino acids

Answer: A. Essential amino acids are the ones that the body cannot

synthesize and must obtain from the diet. Patients with chronic kidney

disease need to limit their protein intake to reduce the workload on the

kidneys and prevent uremia. Nonessential amino acids can be synthesized

by the body and do not need to be restricted. Branched-chain amino acids

and sulfur-containing amino acids are types of essential amino acids.

2. A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes mellitus about carbohydrate

counting. The nurse explains that one serving of carbohydrate is

equivalent to how many grams of carbohydrate?

a) 5 grams

b) 10 grams

c) 15 grams

d) 20 grams

Answer: C. One serving of carbohydrate is equivalent to 15 grams of

carbohydrate, regardless of the source. Carbohydrate counting is a method

of meal planning that helps patients with diabetes control their blood

glucose levels by balancing their carbohydrate intake with insulin or oral

medications.

3. A nurse is assessing a patient with suspected malnutrition. The nurse

should use which of the following anthropometric measurements to

evaluate the patient's muscle mass?

a) Body mass index (BMI)

b) Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)

c) Triceps skinfold thickness (TST)

d) Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)

Answer: B. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a measure of

muscle mass and can indicate protein-energy malnutrition. Body mass

index (BMI) is a measure of weight relative to height and can indicate