1. A nurse is conducting a health history interview with a client who has a

history of hypertension and diabetes. The nurse asks the client about his

current medications, allergies, and any recent changes in his health status.

This type of data collection is known as:

a) Review of systems

b) Past medical history

c) Chief complaint

d) Present illness*

Rationale: Present illness data includes information about the client's

current health problem, such as its onset, duration, severity, and treatment.

Review of systems is a systematic method of collecting data on all body

systems. Past medical history includes information about the client's

previous illnesses, surgeries, hospitalizations, and immunizations. Chief

complaint is the reason why the client seeks health care, usually stated in

the client's own words.

2. A nurse is assessing a client who reports having chest pain for the past

two hours. The nurse asks the client to rate the pain on a scale of 0 to 10,

where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. The nurse also

asks the client to describe the quality, location, and radiation of the pain.

The nurse is using which of the following frameworks to guide the

subjective data collection?

a) OLDCARTS*

b) PQRST

c) COLDSPA

d) SOCRATES

Rationale: OLDCARTS is an acronym for Onset, Location, Duration,

Character, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors, Treatment, and

Severity. It is a useful framework for collecting subjective data related to

pain or other symptoms. PQRST is another acronym for pain assessment

that stands for Provocation, Quality, Region, Severity, and Timing.

COLDSPA is another acronym for pain assessment that stands for

Character, Onset, Location, Duration, Severity, Pattern, and Associated

factors. SOCRATES is another acronym for pain assessment that stands

for Site, Onset, Character, Radiation,