ATI Maternal Newborn Retake Exam 1 2019 Fundamentals-Reliable Study Guide

Ch. 1

 Childhood obesity;

o Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among American

o Overweight youth, especially children of Hispanic, African-American, and Native

American descent, have increased risk for developing hypercholesterolemia,

insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.

o Nursing interventions focused on prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of

overweight children in this county are essential.

 Therapeutic versus nontherapeutic relationships with child/family;

o Family-Centered Care

 Recognizes the family as the constant in a child’s life

 Systems must support, respect, encourage, and enhance the family’s

strength and competence

 Needs of all family members must be addressed

 Concept of ENABLING

 Concept of EMPOWERMENT

o United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child

 All children need--

 To be free from discrimination

 To develop physically and mentally in freedom and dignity

 To have a name and nationality

 To have adequate nutrition, housing, recreation, and medical

services

 To receive special treatment if handicapped

 To receive love, understanding, and material security

 To receive an education and develop his or her abilities

 To be the first to receive protection in disaster

 To be protected from neglect, cruelty, and exploitation

 To be brought up in a spirit of friendship among people

o Pediatric Nurse’s Role

 Therapeutic relationship building

 Negotiating a meaningful relationship with the child and family

within well-defined boundaries

 Family advocacy and caring

 Providing atraumatic care

 Disease prevention and health promotion

 Educate about health promotion and injury prevention using

anticipatory guidance

 Ethical decision making

children, is increasing in epidemic proportions, and is associated with type 2

diabetes.

Page 1 ATI Maternal Newborn-Newborn Retake 2019 Fundamentals

 Create an environment that embraces discussion of ethical

dilemmas and employs mechanisms for dispute resolution

 Evidence-based practice;

o Ask the question

o Search for evidence

o Critically analyze the evidence

o Apply the evidence: nursing implications

o Evidence-based practice is the collection, interpretation, and integration of valid,

important, and applicable patient-reported, nurse-observed, and research-derived

information.

o Evidence-based nursing practice combines knowledge with clinical experience

and intuition.

o It provides a rational approach to decision making that facilitates best practice.

 Documentation guidelines;

o Essential for evaluation

o Written evidence of progress toward outcome

o Initial assessment and reassessments

o Nursing diagnoses, patient care needs, or both

o Interventions identified to meet the patient’s nursing care needs

o Nursing care provided

o Patient’s response to and the outcome of the care provided

o Abilities of patient or as appropriate significant other to manage continuing care

needs after discharge

 Atraumatic, family-centered care;

o The philosophy of family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant

in a child’s life and that service systems and personnel must support, respect, and

enhance the family’s strength and competence.

o Professionals

 enable families by creating opportunities and means for all family

members to display their current abilities and competencies and to acquire

new ones to meet the needs of the child and family.

o Empowerment

 describes the interaction of professionals with families in such a way that

families maintain or acquire a sense of control over their family lives and

acknowledge positive changes that result from helping behaviors that

foster their own strengths, abilities, and actions.

o Atraumatic care

 the provision of therapeutic care in settings, by personnel, and through the

use of interventions that eliminate or minimize the psychological and

physical distress experienced by children and their families in the health

care system. The overriding goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do

no harm. Three principles provide the framework for achieving this goal:

 (1) prevent or minimize the child’s separation from the family,

 (2) promote a sense of control,

 (3) prevent or minimize bodily injury and pain.

 Charting – efficient charting on wound care;

o Shape

o Size

o Depth

o Color

o What the wound looks like and surrounding area

o Any drainage

o Swelling

o how do you document what you have done to clean your wound

Ch. 3-

 Explain various parenting behaviors such as

o Parents

 Multiple variations of parental roles exist

 Parental roles are learned through socialization

 Family size and configuration affect parental roles

o Children

 Family size alters children’s adjustment to change and crises

o Motivation

o Preparation

o Transition to parenthood

 Age

 Father’s involvement

 Parenting education

 Support systems

o Developmental Theory

 Addresses family change over time

 Duvall’s family life cycle stages

 Family is a semiclosed system that interacts with the larger social system

 The age of the oldest child marks stage transitions

o Family Function

 Based on interactions of family members

 Identifies family characteristics that help families function effectively

 Informs the nursing process

 Predicts how a family may cope

 Predicts the family’s response to a stressful event

 Guides individualized support

 Identifies appropriate resources

 parenting styles,

o authoritarian

 parents try to control their children’s behavior and attitudes through

unquestioned mandates.

o Permissive

 parents exert little or no control over their children’s actions.

o Authoritative

 parents combine practices from both of the previously described parenting

styles.

 disciplinary patterns

o Nurses can help parents establish realistic and concrete “rules.” Limit setting and

discipline are positive, necessary components of child rearing and serve several

useful functions as they help children:

 Test their limits of control

 Achieve in areas appropriate for mastery at their level

 Channel undesirable feelings into constructive activity

 Protect themselves from danger

 Learn socially acceptable behavior

 communication skills.

o Be willing to listen

o Talk at their age

o Explain why things are the way they are

o Be open

o To effectively establish a setting for communication, nurses must make an

appropriate introduction, clarify their role and the purpose of the interview, and

ensure privacy and confidentiality.

o Interviewing parents not only offers the opportunity to determine the child’s

health and developmental status, but also offers information about factors that

influence the child’s life. When communicating with parents, nurses need to

encourage parental involvement, listen carefully, use silence, and be empathic.

o Nurses use a variety of verbal techniques to encourage communication. Some of

these techniques are useful to pose questions or explore concerns in a less

threatening manner.

o Others can be presented as word games, which are often well received by

children. However, for many children and adults, talking about feelings is

difficult, and verbal communication may be more stressful than supportive. In

such instances, use several nonverbal techniques to encourage communication.

o Communication with children must reflect their developmental stage. Pay

attention to infants and younger children through play or by occasionally directing

questions or remarks to them. Include older children as active participants.

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