19. The nurse is teaching a diabetic client using

an empowerment approach. The nurse should initiate teaching by asking which of the following?

■ 1. “How much does your family need to be involved in learning about your condition?”

■ 2. “What is required for your family to manage your symptoms?”

■ 3. “What activities are most important for you to be able to maintain control of your diabetes?”

■ 4. “What do you know about your medications and condition?”

20. A nurse is participating in a diabetes screening program. Who of the following is (are) at risk for developing type 2 diabetes? Select all that apply.

■ 1. A 32­year­old female who delivered a 9½­lb infant.

■ 2. A 44­year­old Native American Indian who has a body mass index (BMI) of 32.

■ 3. An 18­year­old Hispanic who jogs four times a week.

■ 4. A 55­year­old Asian American who has hypertension and two siblings with type 2 diabetes.

■ 5. A 12­year­old who is overweight.

21. A 57­year­old with diabetes insipidus is hospitalized for care. Which fi nding should the nurse

report to the physician?

■ 1. Urine output of 350 mL in 8 hours.

■ 2. Urine specifi c gravity of 1.001.

■ 3. Potassium of 4.0 mEq.

■ 4. Weight gain.

22. The nurse is checking the laboratory results on a 52­year­old client with type 1 diabetes (see chart). What laboratory result indicates a problem that should be managed?

■ 1. Blood glucose.

■ 2. Total cholesterol.

■ 3. Hemoglobin.

■ 4. Low­density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.

Laboratory Results

Test Result

Blood glucose 192 mg/dL Total cholesterol 250 mg/dL Hemoglobin 12.3 mg/dL

Low­density lipoprotein cholesterol 125 mg/dL

23. A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following fi ndings has the greatest effect on fl uid loss?

■ 1. Hypotension.