1. A patient with chronic kidney disease is advised to follow a low-protein diet. Which of the following meal options would be most appropriate for this patient? A) Grilled chicken breast with quinoa B) Lentil soup with a side of white rice C) A turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread D) Beef stir-fry with mixed vegetables Answer: B) Lentil soup with a side of white rice Rationale: Patients with chronic kidney disease need to limit protein intake to reduce the burden on the kidneys. Lentil soup provides a moderate amount of protein, and white rice is a low-protein grain, making this option suitable for the patient's dietary restrictions. 2. A 65-year-old female patient with osteoporosis should increase her intake of which nutrient to strengthen bone health? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin C C) Calcium D) Iron Answer: C) Calcium Rationale: Calcium is essential for bone health, and increasing calcium intake can help manage osteoporosis. Vitamin A, C, and Iron are not directly associated with bone density improvement as much as Calcium is. 3. For a patient recovering from gallbladder surgery, which dietary modification is most important to prevent complications? A) High-fiber diet B) Low-fat diet C) High-protein diet D) Low-carbohydrate diet Answer: B) Low-fat diet Rationale: After gallbladder surgery, the digestion of fat can be challenging. A low-fat diet can help prevent discomfort and complications such as diarrhea or bloating. 4. A patient with hypertension is advised to follow a diet low in sodium. Which of the following food items should the patient avoid?