1. A patient with chronic kidney disease is advised to alter their diet to

manage their condition. Which of the following dietary changes is most

appropriate?

 A. Increase protein intake

 B. Reduce potassium intake

 C. Increase sodium intake

 D. Reduce fluid intake

 Answer: B. Reduce potassium intake

 Rationale: Patients with chronic kidney disease need to manage their

potassium levels carefully because their kidneys cannot filter out excess

potassium, which can lead to hyperkalemia and associated complications.

2. A nurse is educating a patient with celiac disease about foods to avoid.

Which ingredient should the nurse emphasize as important to exclude

from the diet?

 A. Gluten

 B. Lactose

 C. Fructose

 D. Sucrose

 Answer: A. Gluten

 Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where ingestion of

gluten leads to damage in the small intestine. It's crucial for patients to

avoid gluten to prevent exacerbation of the disease.

3. When assessing a patient's nutritional status, which laboratory value

would provide the most comprehensive information regarding protein

stores?

 A. Hemoglobin

 B. Albumin

 C. Total lymphocyte count

 D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

 Answer: B. Albumin

 Rationale: Albumin levels are a good indicator of the body's protein

stores and nutritional status, as albumin is a protein made by the liver that

circulates in the bloodstream.

4. A patient with type 2 diabetes should be advised to focus on which