1. A patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril, an ACE

inhibitor. What is the main mechanism of action of this drug?

A) It blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II,

reducing vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion.

B) It inhibits the enzyme that breaks down bradykinin, increasing

vasodilation and reducing blood pressure.

C) It antagonizes the effects of angiotensin II at the receptor level,

decreasing peripheral resistance and blood volume.

D) It inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, decreasing

sodium and water retention and lowering blood pressure.

Answer: A

Rationale: Lisinopril blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to

angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates

aldosterone secretion. Aldosterone increases sodium and water

reabsorption, leading to increased blood volume and pressure.

By blocking this pathway, lisinopril reduces blood pressure.

2. A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed metformin,

a biguanide. What are the main effects of this drug on glucose

metabolism?