MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.The nurse is reviewing clients for risk factors in the development of pneumonia. Which of the 

following clients would be at the highest risk for developing this disorder?

1.A 48-year-old client experiencing menopause 2.An 18-year-old client with abdominal pain

3.A 23-year-old client diagnosed with sickle-cell anemia and a cough

4.A 3-year-old client with fever ANS: 3

High-risk groups for acquiring pneumonia are people with diabetes, infants 6- to 23-months old, and 

those with a chronic illness such as sickle-cell anemia. Menopause and abdominal pain are not 

symptoms associated with pneumonia. Fever in a 3-year-old client could be caused by many disorders 

and not necessarily pneumonia.

2.A client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is experiencing pneumonia. The nurse 

applies oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula. When the nurse leaves the room, a family member 

increases the oxygen to 5 L. Which complication may occur?

1.Angina 2.Apnea

3.Metabolic acidosis 4.Respiratory alkalosis

ANS: 2

The COPD clients drive to breathe is hypoxia. Increasing the oxygen removes this drive and leads to 

apnea. Angina occurs because of decreased oxygen to the myocardial tissues. Neither respiratory 

alkalosis nor metabolic acidosis would occur with the increased oxygen level.

3.The nurse has a positive PPD during the last testing cycle for tuberculosis. Which of the following is 

indicated for this nurse?

1. Nothing

2. Chest x-rays every 2 months 3.Pharmacological treatment 4.Admission for inpatient treatment

ANS: 3

Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when a person exposed to the mycobacterium has a positive PPD 

test. This person is without an active clinical picture and has a 10% chance of developing TB if preventive 

pharmacological treatment is not initiated. The nurse needs pharmacological treatment.

Doing nothing could result in active disease. The nurse does not need chest x-rays every 2 months or 

admission for inpatient treatment.

4.A client undergoes a purified protein derivative (PPD) test. The test should be read: 1.immediately 

after the test.

2.24 to 48 hours after the test.

3.48 to 72 hours after the test. 4.anytime after 72 hours.

ANS: 3

A small amount of tuberculin is injected directly under the skin at the site and is read 48 to 72 hours 

after the test. The test should not be read immediately afterwards or within 24 to 48 hours. If the test is 

read after 72 hours, the test may need to be repeated.