1. Although there are similarities in the different nursing theories, there are key elements that

distinguish one from another. The emphasis of Jean Watsons conceptual model is that:

1 Self-care maintains wholeness

2 Stimuli disrupt an adaptive system

3 Subsystems exist in dynamic stability

4 Caring is central to the essence of nursing

ANS: 4

Like Benner and Wrubels theory, Watson emphasized caring in her theory. Watsons model is

designed around the caring process, assisting clients in attaining or maintaining health or in

dying peacefully. The key emphasis of her theory is that caring is the moral ideal: mind-bodysoul engagement with another.

Self-care is central to Orems theory.

The key emphasis of Roys theory is that stimuli disrupt an adaptive system.

The key emphasis of Johnsons theory is that subsystems exist in dynamic stability.

DIF: A REF: 50-51 OBJ: Comprehension

TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment

MSC: NCLEX test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. A community health nurse is working with a variety of clients and decides to use a systems

theory approach to assist them to meet their health care needs. In using this approach, the nurse

focuses on the:

1 Hierarchy of the clients human needs