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A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a 2-year-old child who was found by his
parents crying and holding a container of toilet bowl cleaner. The child's lips are edematous
and inflamed, and he is drooling. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse?
a. Remove the child's contaminated clothing.
b. Check the child's respiratory status.
c. Administer an antidote to the child.
d. Establish IV access for the child.
Rationale: The nurse should apply the ABC priority-setting framework when answering
this item. This framework emphasizes the basic core of human functioning: having an open
airway, being able to breathe in adequate amounts of oxygen, and circulating oxygen to the
body's organs via the blood. An alteration in any of these can indicate a threat to life, and is
therefore the nurse’s priority concern. When applying the ABC priority setting framework,
airway is always the highest priority because the airway must be clear and open for oxygen
exchange to occur. Breathing is the second highest priority in the ABC priority setting
framework because adequate ventilatory effort is essential in order for oxygen exchange to
occur. Circulation is the third highest priority in the ABC priority setting framework
because delivery of oxygen to critical organs only occurs if the heart and blood vessels are
capable of efficiently carrying oxygen to them. The nurse observes that the child’s lips are
edematous and inflamed and that he is drooling. These findings indicate that the child might
have swelling of the oral cavity and pharynx, which can result in a compromised airway.
2. A nurse is teaching a parent of a 12-month old child about development during the
toddleryears. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
a. "Your child should be referring to himself using the appropriate pronoun by 18
months of age."
b. "A toddler's interest in looking at pictures occurs at 20 months of age."
c. "A toddler should have daytime control of his bowel and bladder by 24 months of
age."
d. "Your child should be able to scribble spontaneously using a crayon at the
age of 15
months."
Rationale: The nurse should teach the parent that at the age of 15 months, the toddler
should be able to scribble spontaneously, and at the age of 18 months, the toddler should be
able to make strokes imitatively
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