1) Scientific reasoning involves:

a) Using intuition and personal beliefs to draw conclusions

about data

b) Analyzing data objectively and drawing evidence-based

conclusions

c) Relying solely on previous scientific research for

decision-making

d) Using trial and error to discover new scientific concepts

Answer: b) Analyzing data objectively and drawing

evidence-based conclusions

Rationale: Scientific reasoning requires the use of objective

analysis of data gathered through systematic observation

and experimentation. It is important to rely on evidence

rather than personal beliefs or intuition.

2) Which of the following is an example of inductive

reasoning?

a) This substance is toxic, therefore it must be harmful to

humans.

b) All living organisms need oxygen to survive, so humans

also need oxygen.

c) Every time I drop a ball, it falls to the ground, so all balls

must fall to the ground.

d) The temperature increased when I turned on the heater,

therefore the heater caused the temperature increase.

Answer: c) Every time I drop a ball, it falls to the ground,

so all balls must fall to the ground.