What is the primary goal of treating TBI? How is this done? - answerpreventing secondary brain injury. This is done by maintaining blood pressure and providing adequate profusion. After managing ABCDEs of TBI what MUST be identified if present? How is this done? - answermass lesion that requires surgical evacuation is critical! this is done with CT. NOTE: obtaining a CT should not delay patient transfer to trauma center. Which brain lobes do the following hold: 1. anterior fossa: 2. middle fossa: 3. posterior fossa: - answer1. anterior fossa: frontal lobes 2. middle fossa: temporal lobes 3. posterior fossa: lower brainstem and cerebellum What are the 3 layers of the meninges? - answerdura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater What does the dura mater adhere firmly to? - answerthe skull. it is tough and fibrous What layer of the meninges splits into two leaves as specific sites to enclose large venous sinuses? What do these sinuses do? - answerdura mater. these sinuses provide major venous drainage from the brain. What is the midline sinus of of the brain that splits into two sinuses: bilateral transverse and sigmoid sinus? What side are these bigger on? - answerThe main sinus enclosed by the dura major is the midline superior sagital sinus. This splits into the sigmoid and bilateral transverse sinuses which are larger on the right side. What are the arteries that lie between the skull and the dura mater (epidural space)? - answermeningeal arteries. What is the most commonly injured meningeal artery and where is it located? - answermiddle meningeal artery. Located over the temporal fossa T/F: the arachnoid mater is fused to the dura mater? - answerFALSE: not attached. This produces a potential space for a subdural hematoma In a subdural hematoma, what is the cause? - answerinjury to bridging veins that extend from brain surface to the sinuses within the dura. _______ fills the space between the arachnoid and pia mater? - answerCSF. this cushions the brain and spinal cord. What location of brain hemorrhage is frequently seen in brain contusion or injury to major blood vessels at base of brain? - answersubarachnoid. The ____ and _____ contain the reticular activating system which is responsible for ____. - answermidbrain and upper pons state of alertness What important function resides in the medulla? - answercardiorespiratory centers. What important functions are in the following brain segments: 1. left hemisphere: 2. frontal lobe: 3. parietal lobe: 4. temporal: - answer1. left hemisphere: language center 2. frontal lobe: executive function, emotions, motor 3. parietal lobe: sensory function/spatial orientation 4. temporal: memory functions What divides the brain into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments? - answertentorium cerebelli. (tent over cerebellum) What is the physiology behind a blown pupil? - answerblown pupil: dilation of pupil -CN III runs along the tentorium cerebelli. parasympathetic fibers that constrict the pupil run along CN III (oculomotor). When temporal lobe is herniated, it can compress these fibers. Unapposed sympathetic activity causes pupillary dilation. What is the tentorial notch/hiatus - answerthis is where the midbrain passes through into the infratentorial compartment. what part of the brain most commonly herniates through the tentorial notch? - answerUncus (medial part of temporal lobe) does weakness occur on the same or opposite side of the uncal herniation? - answerOPPOSITE. the corticospinal tract of the midbrain is compressed and then crosses at the foramen magnum. state: Ipsilateral/contralateral ____ pupillary dilation associated with _____ hemiparesis is the classic sign of uncial herniation. - answeripsi contra