1. Multiple Choice: Which act established the foundation for the modern American healthcare system by introducing Medicare and Medicaid? a) The Affordable Care Act b) The Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 c) The Social Security Amendments of 1965 d) The Patient Protection Act Correct Answer: c) The Social Security Amendments of 1965 Rationale: The Social Security Amendments of 1965 established Medicare and Medicaid, marking a significant reform in U.S. health care policy by providing health insurance to the elderly and low-income individuals. 2. True/False: The Flexner Report, published in 1910, led to the closure of many medical schools in the United States. Answer: True Rationale: The Flexner Report critically reviewed the state of medical education in the U.S. and led to major reforms, including the closure of many substandard medical schools.