1. What event marks the end of the Paleozoic era? a) The K-Pg (K-T) extinction b) The first signs of life c) The Permian extinction d) The Cambrian explosion e) The diversification of mammals 2. Thomas Malthus proposed a theory that was based on which of the following observations? a) Populations will develop ways to access unlimited resources so that they and their offspring can survive b) The free market is guided to produce the right amount and variety of goods by a so-called "invisible hand" c) Population numbers are kept in check because of natural disasters that limit the competition for resources d) Populations will grow linearly while food supplies grow geometrically e) The world we live in today is a result of a steady accumulation of minute changes 3. Cuvier had discovered that species have gone extinct by looking at ancient fossil records. How did this discovery contribute to the proof of Darwin’s theory of evolution? a) This proved stromatolites were important for the formation of Earth’s atmosphere but are no longer useful today b) This proved that extinction is necessary for new species to evolve on Earth c) This proved that species are mutable and are subject to change d) This proved that transitional forms are not able to survive e) Cuvier’s discovery did not contribute to Darwin’s theory of evolution 4. Lucy has a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of one gene that is important for producing an important receptor that affects her blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and overall metabolic rate. Which of the following extensions of Mendelian genetics explains this? a) Incomplete dominance b) Pleiotropy c) Epistasis d) Polygenic inheritance e) Codominance