1. Which of the following antimicrobial mechanisms involves the

inhibition of cell wall synthesis?

 A. Beta-lactam antibiotics

 B. Protein synthesis inhibitors

 C. Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

 D. Membrane disruptors

 Answer: A. Beta-lactam antibiotics

 Rationale: Beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins and

cephalosporins, target the bacterial cell wall by inhibiting the synthesis of

peptidoglycan, a critical component of the cell wall.

2. A nurse is administering an antibiotic that binds to the 50S subunit of

the bacterial ribosome, hindering peptide chain elongation. Which class of

antibiotics does this describe?

 A. Aminoglycosides

 B. Tetracyclines

 C. Macrolides

 D. Fluoroquinolones

 Answer: C. Macrolides

 Rationale: Macrolides, such as erythromycin, bind to the 50S subunit of

the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis by preventing

peptide chain elongation.

3. When considering antimicrobial stewardship, why is it important to use

a narrow-spectrum antibiotic when possible?

 A. It reduces the risk of superinfection.

 B. It is always more effective than broad-spectrum antibiotics.

 C. It prevents the immune system from becoming active.

 D. It is less expensive than broad-spectrum antibiotics.

 Answer: A. It reduces the risk of superinfection.

 Rationale: Narrow-spectrum antibiotics target specific types of bacteria,

reducing the likelihood of disrupting the body's normal flora and the

subsequent risk of a superinfection.

4. A patient with a bacterial infection is prescribed an antibiotic that

disrupts the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane, causing cell lysis.

Which type of antibiotic has this mechanism of action?

 A. Sulfonamides