1. A patient presents with fever, headache, and a stiff neck. Which

organism is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

 A. Escherichia coli

 B. Neisseria meningitidis

 C. Streptococcus pneumoniae

 D. Haemophilus influenzae

 Answer: B. Neisseria meningitidis

 Rationale: The symptoms are indicative of meningitis, and Neisseria

meningitidis is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis.

2. A 4-year-old child has a sudden onset of high fever, sore throat, and

drooling. On examination, the child appears anxious and has a muffled

voice. What is the most likely diagnosis?

 A. Epiglottitis

 B. Bronchitis

 C. Pharyngitis

 D. Laryngitis

 Answer: A. Epiglottitis

 Rationale: The clinical presentation is suggestive of epiglottitis, which is

a medical emergency often caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b.

3. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment for a

patient diagnosed with Tuberculosis?

 A. Amoxicillin

 B. Azithromycin

 C. Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol

 D. Acyclovir

 Answer: C. Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol

 Rationale: The combination of these four drugs is the standard initial

treatment for Tuberculosis to cover for drug resistance and enhance

efficacy.

4. A patient is diagnosed with an infection caused by Clostridium difficile.

Which risk factor is most commonly associated with this infection?

 A. Recent travel to a tropical country

 B. Consumption of undercooked meat

 C. Prolonged use of antibiotics

 D. Contact with farm animals