BIOD 101 ALL MODULE EXAMS AND FINAL EXAM GUIDE 2025/2026 - A+ SOLUTIONS
a. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
b. What are the particular types of each of these that are found in DNA and what are the
corresponding types that are found in RNA? - a. sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
b. DNA- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
RNA- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA? - 1. DNA contains deoxyribose - RNA
is ribose
2. DNA: thymine
 RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a DNA
nucleotide form the uprights? What part forms the rungs? - The uprights are the sugar phosphate
backbone, and the rungs are the bases.
Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. - During dehydration
condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block monomers. A water
molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water molecule is
added and energy is released.
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain
the use of each.
GLUCOSE - Carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood sugar in humans and animals
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain
the use of each.
Starch - Carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain
the use of each.