1. What is the basic unit of heredity that carries genetic information? A. Proteins B. Cells C. Genes D. Enzymes Answer: C. Genes Rationale: Genes are the basic units of heredity that carry genetic information. 2. Which of the following genotypes represents a homozygous dominant individual? A. AA B. Aa C. aa D. None of the above Answer: A. AA Rationale: Homozygous dominant individuals have two identical dominant alleles (AA). 3. If a plant with purple flowers (PP) is crossed with a plant with white flowers (pp), what will be the phenotype of the offspring? A. All purple flowers B. All white flowers C. All pink flowers D. Half purple and half white flowers Answer: A. All purple flowers Rationale: In Mendelian genetics, when crossing a homozygous dominant individual with a homozygous recessive individual, the dominant trait is expressed in the offspring. 4. What is the term used to describe the physical appearance of an organism based on its genotype? A. Phenotype B. Genotype