1. Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the regulation of appetite and satiety? A) Dopamine B) Serotonin C) GABA D) Norepinephrine Answer: B) Serotonin Rationale: Serotonin is known to regulate appetite and satiety. It is involved in the control of food intake, promoting a feeling of fullness and reducing the desire to eat more. 2. In the context of motivated behaviors, what role does the hypothalamus play? A) It processes sensory information. B) It regulates hormonal secretions. C) It controls hunger and thirst. D) It manages circadian rhythms. Answer: C) It controls hunger and thirst. Rationale: The hypothalamus is a critical brain structure in the regulation of motivated behaviors such as hunger and thirst, acting as a control center for appetite and water balance. 3. What is the significance of the mesolimbic pathway in motivated behaviors? A) It is responsible for cognitive processing. B) It is involved in the emotional response to pain. C) It mediates the reward system. D) It controls motor functions. Answer: C) It mediates the reward system. Rationale: The mesolimbic pathway is a key component of the brain's reward system, which is heavily involved in the mediation of motivated behaviors, particularly those related to seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. 4. How does leptin influence motivated behaviors related to feeding? A) By increasing hunger signals. B) By decreasing hunger signals. C) By impairing taste sensation. D) By enhancing olfactory sensitivity.