1. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of benign tumors? A. Rapid growth B. Metastasis C. Encapsulation D. Poor differentiation Answer: C. Encapsulation Rationale: Benign tumors are typically encapsulated, which helps to distinguish them from malignant tumors. They grow at a slower rate and do not metastasize. 2. The process by which cancer cells spread to distant sites is known as: A. Angiogenesis B. Dysplasia C. Metastasis D. Hyperplasia Answer: C. Metastasis Rationale: Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from the primary site to distant organs, which is a defining characteristic of malignant tumors. 3. Which oncogene is commonly associated with breast cancer? A. BRCA1 B. MYC C. RAS D. HER2 Answer: D. HER2 Rationale: The HER2 oncogene is often overexpressed in breast cancer and is associated with a more aggressive disease and a poorer prognosis. 4. A patient with a history of smoking is at increased risk for which type of neoplasia? A. Leukemia B. Melanoma C. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung D. Hepatocellular carcinoma Answer: C. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for lung cancer, particularly