1. A 54-year-old patient with a history of hypertension and diabetes
mellitus type 2 presents with symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and
unexplained weight loss. Laboratory tests reveal hyperglycemia and
ketonuria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis
C. Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: B. Diabetic ketoacidosis
Rationale: The presence of ketonuria along with hyperglycemia in a
patient with known diabetes mellitus type 2 suggests diabetic
ketoacidosis, a serious complication that requires prompt medical
intervention.
2. A patient is diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism. Which of the
following symptoms would you expect to find?
A. Tetany
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Paresthesia
Answer: C. Hypercalcemia
Rationale: Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by excessive
secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to elevated serum
calcium levels.
3. A 30-year-old female patient presents with fatigue, weight gain, and
cold intolerance. Her TSH levels are elevated, and T4 levels are low.
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. Start levothyroxine therapy
B. Perform a thyroidectomy
C. Prescribe a course of iodine supplements
D. Initiate glucocorticoid therapy
Answer: A. Start levothyroxine therapy
Rationale: The patient's symptoms and lab results are indicative of
hypothyroidism, and the first line of treatment is levothyroxine, a
synthetic thyroid hormone.
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