Monday July 8, 2019 E. Coli Lab o Plasmid: small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule, distinct from a cells chromosomal DNA  Naturally exist in bacterial cells  Genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance Karyotype o What your chromosomes look like Genotype o What the gene looks like- Ex: AGTACCAGGTT Phenotype o Think of PH- physical o Think of genes- dominant or recessive o Proteins seen as your physical expression o Ex: hair color, straight or curly o What we see is the dominant form  Doesn’t mean its better, it’s the form that is most likely expressed in the environment Punnett Square o SS- heterozygote dominant; straight hair o Ss- heterozygote; straight hair o ss- Heterozygote recessive; curly hair Sickle Cell Anemia o Since the shape of the red blood cell is changed (the phenotype), the genotype o BB: 25% o Bb: 50% o bb: 25% o So, 75% chance of normal blood cells and 25% chance of sickle cell anemia Wednesday July 10, 2019 Lab o Glow under UV light o Resistant to Amp. Karyotype o Chromosomes look like o Structures o Never have 3 Genotype o What your gene looks like o DNA o Codes to Phenotype