BIOL 200 Midterm
Central Dogma
DNA --transcription--> RNA --translation--> proteins
Nucleotide
building blocks of a nucleic acid Read More
5 types of nitrogenous bases
Adenine, guanine, uracil, thymine, and cytosine
Nitrogenous bases in DNA
Adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine
Nitrogenous bases in RNA
adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine
Purine
nucleotides with two fused rings: adenine and guanine
Pyrimidine
nucleotide with only one ring: uracil, thymine, and cytosine
3 components of a nucleotide
Pentose sugar, phosphate group, and a base (ring of nitrogen and carbon)
Pentose sugar in DNA
deoxyribose
Pentose sugar in RNA
Ribose. More susceptible to hydrolytic cleavage due to second -OH group.
Phosphodiester bond
Bond between phosphate group and two pentose sugars
Friedrich Miescher
Swiss physician, discovered nucleotides in 1870s
5' end
Ends with phosphate group
3' end
Begins with pentose sugar
Nucleoside
Nitrogenous base attached to a pentose sugar
Nucleoside monophosphate
AMP, GMP, CMP, UMP, TMP
Nucleoside diphosphate
ADP, GDP, CDP, UDP, TDP
Nucleoside triphosphate
ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP, TTP,
Amino acid
Organic compound composed of an amine group, a carboxylic acid, and a specific sidechain.
Can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.