BIOLOGY 252 FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 ACCURATE SUMMER QUARTER EXAM 100% GUARANTEED PASS (CHAMBERLAIN
1. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
 - Possible Answer: The central dogma states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to
protein.
2. Describe the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus.
 - Possible Answer: The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins synthesized in the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
3. Explain the role of ATP in cellular energy transfer.
 - Possible Answer: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy currency of the cell,
providing energy for cellular processes through the hydrolysis of its high-energy phosphate bonds.
4. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
 - Possible Answer: Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic
cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
5. Discuss the process of protein synthesis, including transcription and translation.
 - Possible Answer: Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, while translation is the
synthesis of proteins from RNA transcripts on ribosomes.
6. Describe the structure and function of the endocrine system.
 - Possible Answer: The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the
bloodstream to regulate various physiological processes such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
7. What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?