1. What are the three types of muscle tissue and where are they found in the human body? Provide examples

of each type.

- The three types of muscle tissue are skeletal, cardiac and smooth. Skeletal muscle tissue is attached to

bones and is responsible for voluntary movements. Examples of skeletal muscles are the biceps, triceps and

quadriceps. Cardiac muscle tissue is found in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood. Cardiac

muscle tissue is involuntary and has a unique feature of intercalated discs that allow electrical impulses to

travel between cells. Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels and is

responsible for involuntary movements such as peristalsis, vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Examples of

smooth muscles are the stomach, intestines and arteries.

2. What are the four types of bones and what are their functions? Provide examples of each type.

- The four types of bones are long, short, flat and irregular. Long bones are longer than they are wide and

have a shaft and two ends. They function as levers for movement and support. Examples of long bones are

the femur, humerus and tibia. Short bones are roughly cube-shaped and have a thin layer of compact bone

surrounding a spongy core. They function as shock absorbers and provide stability. Examples of short bones

are the carpals, tarsals and patella. Flat bones are thin, flattened and often curved. They function as

protection for vital organs and attachment sites for muscles. Examples of flat bones are the skull, ribs and

sternum. Irregular bones have complex shapes that do not fit into any of the other categories. They function

as protection, support and attachment sites for muscles. Examples of irregular bones are the vertebrae, pelvis

and mandible.

3. What are the three types of joints and what are their characteristics? Provide examples of each type.

- The three types of joints are fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial. Fibrous joints are immovable or slightly

movable joints that are held together by dense connective tissue. Examples of fibrous joints are the sutures

of the skull, the syndesmoses between the radius and ulna, and the gomphoses between the teeth and

sockets. Cartilaginous joints are slightly movable joints that are held together by cartilage. Examples of

cartilaginous joints are the symphyses between the pubic bones and the intervertebral discs, and the

synchondroses between the ribs and sternum. Synovial joints are freely movable joints that have a joint

cavity filled with synovial fluid and surrounded by a joint capsule. Examples of synovial joints are the balland-socket joints such as the shoulder and hip, the hinge joints such as the elbow and knee, the pivot joints

such as the atlas and axis, the saddle joints such as the thumb, the gliding joints such as the wrist and ankle,

and the condyloid joints such as the knuckles