1. What is the process by which DNA is duplicated during

the S phase of the cell cycle?

a. Transcription

b. Translation

c. Replication

d. Transduction

Answer: c. Replication

Rationale: DNA replication occurs during the S phase of

the cell cycle. During this process, the DNA helix unwinds

and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a

new strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules.

2. Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for

producing ATP through aerobic respiration?

a. Golgi apparatus

b. Endoplasmic reticulum

c. Mitochondria

d. Ribosomes

Answer: c. Mitochondria

Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of

the cell as they generate energy through aerobic respiration.

This process occurs in the mitochondria's inner membrane,

using nutrients to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

3. What is the primary function of red blood cells in the