1. What is the primary goal of Total Quality Management (TQM) in healthcare? A. Cost reduction B. Patient satisfaction C. Compliance with regulations D. Staff training Answer: B. Patient satisfaction Rationale: TQM in healthcare focuses on continuous improvement in all aspects of patient care, with patient satisfaction being the ultimate goal. 2. Which of the following is a core principle of Lean methodology in healthcare? A. Increasing service variety B. Maximizing resource utilization C. Eliminating waste D. Expanding service locations Answer: C. Eliminating waste Rationale: Lean methodology aims to create more value for patients by eliminating waste, including unnecessary steps or resources that do not add value. 3. In the context of healthcare, what does the acronym PDSA stand for? A. Plan, Do, Study, Act B. Patient, Doctor, Service, Administration C. Plan, Diagnose, Support, Assess D. Process, Develop, Sustain, Audit Answer: A. Plan, Do, Study, Act Rationale: PDSA is a four-step model (Plan-Do-Study-Act) used for controlling and continuous improvement of processes and products. 4. Which quality improvement tool is best used for identifying the root cause of a problem? A. Flowchart B. Check sheet C. Fishbone diagram D. Pareto chart