Which of the following cellular hallmarks of cancer is characterized by

uncontrolled cell growth and division?

 a) Angiogenesis

 b) Sustained proliferative signaling

 c) Evasion of growth suppressors

 d) Tumor-promoting inflammation

 Answer: b) Sustained proliferative signaling

 Rationale: Sustained proliferative signaling refers to the ability of cancer

cells to continuously receive signals for cell growth and division, leading

to uncontrolled proliferation.

What is the process by which cancer cells stimulate the formation of new

blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen to the tumor?

 a) Angiogenesis

 b) Resisting cell death

 c) Deregulating cellular energetics

 d) Enabling replicative immortality

 Answer: a) Angiogenesis

 Rationale: Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer that allows tumors to

induce the formation of new blood vessels, supporting their growth and

metastasis.

Which hallmark of cancer involves the ability of cancer cells to evade

programmed cell death?

 a) Tumor-promoting inflammation

 b) Evading immune destruction

 c) Resisting cell death

 d) Activating invasion and metastasis

 Answer: c) Resisting cell death

 Rationale: Cancer cells can resist programmed cell death (apoptosis),

allowing them to survive and proliferate uncontrollably.

The process of altering cellular metabolism to support the energy

requirements of cancer cells is known as:

 a) Evading growth suppressors

 b) Deregulating cellular energetics

 c) Enabling replicative immortality