A patient is being assessed for range of joint movement. The nurse asks him to move his arm in toward the center of his body. This movement is called: A) flexion. B) abduction. C) adduction. D) extension. - Correct Answer- ANS: adduction. Moving a limb toward the midline of the body is called adduction; abduction is moving a limb away from the midline of the body. Flexion is bending a limb at a joint; extension is straightening a limb at a joint. A patient tells the nurse that she is having a hard time bringing her hand to her mouth when she eats or tries to brush her teeth. The nurse knows that for her to move her hand to her mouth, she must perform which movement? A) flexion. B) abduction. C) adduction. D) extension. - Correct Answer- ANS: flexion. Flexion, or bending a limb at a joint, would be required to move the hand to the mouth. Extension is straightening a limb at a joint. Moving a limb toward the midline of the body is called adduction; abduction is moving a limb away from the midline of the body. The functional units of the musculoskeletal system are the: A) joints. B) bones. C) muscles. D) tendons. - Correct Answer- ANS: joints. Joints are the functional units of the musculoskeletal system because they permit the mobility needed for the activities of daily living. The skeleton (bones) is the framework of the body. When reviewing the musculoskeletal system, the nurse recalls that hematopoiesis takes place in the: A) liver. B) spleen. C) kidneys. D) bone marrow. - Correct Answer- ANS: bone marrow. The musculoskeletal system functions to encase and protect inner vital organs, support the body, produce red blood cells in the bone marrow, and store minerals. Fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and help prevent movement in undesirable directions are called: A) bursa. B) tendons. C) cartilage. D) ligaments. - Correct Answer- ANS: ligaments. Fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and help prevent movement in undesirable directions are called ligaments. The nurse notices that a woman in an exercise class is unable to jump rope. The nurse knows that to jump rope, one's shoulder has to be capable of: A) inversion. B) supination. C) protraction. D) circumduction. - Correct Answer- ANS: circumduction. Circumduction is defined as moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder. The articulation of the mandible and the temporal bone is known as the: A) intervertebral foramen. B) condyle of the mandible. C) temporomandibular joint. D) zygomatic arch of the temporal bone. - Correct Answer- ANS: temporomandibular joint. The articulation of the mandible and the temporal bone is the temporomandibular joint. The other responses are not correct. To palpate the temporomandibular joint, the nurse's fingers should be placed in the depression _____ of the ear. A) distal to the helix B) proximal to the helix C) anterior to the tragus D) posterior to the tragus - Correct Answer- ANS: anterior to the tragus The temporomandibular joint can be felt in the depression anterior to the tragus of the ear. The other locations are not correct. Of the 33 vertebrae in the spinal column, there are: A) 5 lumbar. B) 5 thoracic. C) 7 sacral. D) 12 cervical. - Correct Answer- ANS: 5 lumbar. There are 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 3 to 4 coccygeal vertebrae. An imaginary line connecting the highest point on each iliac crest would cross the _____ vertebra. A) first sacral B) fourth lumbar C) seventh cervical D) twelfth thoracic - Correct Answer- ANS: fourth lumbar An imaginary line connecting the highest point on each iliac crest crosses the fourth lumbar vertebra The nurse is explaining to a patient that there are "shock absorbers" in his back to cushion the spine and to help it move. The nurse is referring to his: A) vertebral column. B) nucleus pulposus. C) vertebral foramen. D) intervertebral disks. - Correct Answer- ANS: intervertebral disks. Intervertebral disks are elastic fibrocartilaginous plates that cushion the spine like shock absorbers and help it move. The vertebral column is the spinal column itself. The nucleus pulposus is located in the center of each disk. The vertebral foramen is the channel, or opening, for the spinal cord in the vertebrae. The nurse is providing patient education for a man who has been diagnosed with a rotator cuff injury. The nurse knows that a rotator cuff injury involves the: A) nucleus pulposus. B) articular process. C) medial epicondyle. D) glenohumeral joint. - Correct Answer- ANS: glenohumeral joint. A rotator cuff injury involves the glenohumeral joint, which is enclosed by a group of four powerful muscles and tendons that support and stabilize it. The nucleus pulposus is located in the center of each intervertebral disk. The medial epicondyle is located at the elbow. During an interview the patient states, "I can feel this bump on the top of both of my shoulders—it doesn't hurt but I am curious about what it might be." The nurse should tell the patient, "That is: A) your subacromial bursa." B) your acromion process." C) your glenohumeral joint." D) the greater tubercle of your humerus." - Correct Answer- ANS: your acromion process." The bump of the scapula's acromion process is felt at the very top of the shoulder. The other options are not correct. The nurse is checking the range of motion in a patient's knee and knows that the knee is capable of which movement(s)? A) Flexion and extension B) Supination and pronation C) Circumduction D) Inversion and eversion - Correct Answer- ANS: Flexion and extension