1. What type of fracture occurs at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality and is a result of a force that would not normally cause a fracture? a. Idiopathic b. Incomplete c. Pathologic d. Greenstick - ANS-c. Pathologic 2. Which type of fracture usually occurs in an individual who engages in a new activity that is strenuous and repetitive? a. Stress b. Greenstick c. Insufficiency d. Pathologic - ANS-a. Stress 3. Which term is used to identify the temporary displacement of two bones causing the bone surfaces to partially lose contact? a. Dislocation b. Subluxation c. Malunion d. Nonunion - ANS-b. Subluxation 4. Improper reduction or immobilization of a fractured femur can result in which outcome after cast removal? a. The muscles around the fracture site are weak. b. The fracture requires 6 to 8 weeks of physical therapy. c. The skin under the cast is dry and flaky. d. The bone is not straight. - ANS-d. The bone is not straight. 5. Which structure attaches skeletal muscle to bone? a. Tendon b. Ligament c. Bursa d. Mesentery - ANS-a. Tendon 6. The tear in a ligament is referred to as a: a. Fracture b. Strain c. Disunion d. Sprain - ANS-d. Sprain 7. Which medical diagnosis is characterized by tissue degeneration or irritation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon? a. Lateral epicondylitis b. Medial tendinitis c. Bursitis d. Lateral tendinitis - ANS-a. Lateral epicondylitis 8. The pain resulting from tendon and ligament injuries is usually described as: a. Dull and diffuse, persisting over the distribution of the tendon or ligament b. Sharp and localized, persisting over the distribution of the tendon or ligament c. Pins-and-needle sensations that occur distal to the injury with movement d. Intermittent and aching, occurring over the distribution of the tendon or ligament - ANS-b. Sharp and localized, persisting over the distribution of the tendon or ligament 9. How is rhabdomyolysis characterized? a. Paralysis of skeletal muscles, resulting from an impaired nerve supply b. Smooth muscle degeneration, resulting from ischemia c. Lysis of skeletal muscle cells through the initiation of the complement cascade d. Release of myoglobin from damaged striated muscle cells - ANS-d. Release of myoglobin from damaged striated muscle cells 10. Which pathophysiologic alteration precedes crush syndrome after prolonged muscle compression? a. Muscle ischemia b. Myoglobinuria c. Volkmann contracture d. Neural injury - ANS-b. Myoglobinuria 11. By the time osteoporosis is visible on an x-ray examination, up to what percent of bone has been lost? a. 30% b. 40% c. 50% d. 60% - ANS-a. 30. A bone density of 645 mg/cm2 would support which diagnosis? a. Osteoplasia b. Osteoporosis c. Osteopenia d. Osteomalacia - ANS-b. Osteoporosis 13. Which type of osteoporosis would a person develop after having the left leg in a cast for 8 weeks to treat a compound displaced fracture of the tibia and fibula? a. Iatrogenic b. Regional c. Idiopathic d. Osteoblastic - ANS-b. Regional 14. Considering the pathophysiologic process of osteoporosis, after being activated by receptor activator of nuclear factor B ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor B (RANK) activates which of the following? a. Osteoclast apoptosis b. Osteoblast survival c. Osteoprotegerin d. Osteoclast survival - ANS-d. Osteoclast survival