1. Open-ended: Describe the mechanism of the SN1 reaction and how it differs from SN2. Answer: The SN1 reaction involves a two-step mechanism where the leaving group departs before the nucleophile attacks, forming a carbocation intermediate. This differs from SN2, which is a onestep process where the nucleophile attacks simultaneously as the leaving group leaves, without forming a carbocation. 2. Fill-in-the-blank: Infrared spectroscopy measures the absorption of infrared light, which causes molecular _____ to change. Answer: Vibrations 3. True/False: In NMR spectroscopy, the chemical shift of a hydrogen atom is directly proportional to the electron density around it. Answer: False. The chemical shift is inversely proportional to the electron density around the hydrogen atom. 4. Multiple-choice: Which of the following is not a type of UVVis spectroscopy transition? A) σ to σ* B) n to σ* C) π to π* D) d to f Answer: D) d to f. This type of transition is not typically observed in UV-Vis spectroscopy. 5. Open-ended: Explain the concept of chirality in organic molecules and its significance in biochemistry. Answer: Chirality refers to the geometric property of a molecule having a non-superimposable mirror image. In biochemistry, chirality is significant because it can affect the way a molecule