1. What is the basic structure of an amino acid? Answer: An amino acid consists of an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a side chain (R group) attached to a central carbon atom. 2. True or False: All amino acids found in proteins are L-amino acids. Answer: True. In proteins, only L-amino acids are present in the natural form. 3. Which type of bond is responsible for holding together the primary structure of a protein? a) Peptide bond b) Disulfide bond c) Hydrogen bond d) Van der Waals interaction Answer: a) Peptide bond. Peptide bonds form between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid. 4. What is the function of chaperone proteins in the folding of newly synthesized proteins? Answer: Chaperone proteins assist in the proper folding of proteins by preventing misfolding and aggregation. 5. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms? a) Enzymatic catalysis b) Structural support c) Energy storage d) Signaling and communication Answer: c) Energy storage. Proteins are not a primary source of energy storage in organisms. 6. What is the significance of the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) in enzyme kinetics? Answer: Km represents the substrate concentration at which an enzyme works at half of its maximum velocity and provides information about the enzyme's affinity for the substrate.