(Each Question denotes its format. All questions are answered) 1. Open-ended: Describe the role of ATP in cellular metabolism and detail the process by which it is generated during glycolysis. Answer: ATP acts as the primary energy currency in cells, transferring energy from catabolic to anabolic processes. During glycolysis, ATP is generated in the substrate-level phosphorylation steps catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase. 2. Fill-in-the-blank: The enzyme _______ catalyzes the ratelimiting step of the citric acid cycle. Answer: Isocitrate dehydrogenase. 3. True/False: The electron transport chain is part of the glycolytic pathway. Answer: False. The electron transport chain is a series of complexes located in the mitochondrial membrane and is not part of glycolysis. 4. Multiple-choice: Which of the following is not a product of the citric acid cycle? A) CO2 B) NADH C) ATP D) Acetyl-CoA Answer: D) Acetyl-CoA. It is a reactant that enters the cycle, not a product. 5. Open-ended: Explain the significance of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration. Answer: The citric acid cycle is central to cellular respiration as it oxidizes acetyl-CoA to CO2, and in the process, generates NADH and FADH2 which are essential for ATP production in the electron transport chain.