1. What is the primary purpose of public administration? a) To enforce laws b) To provide services to citizens c) To generate revenue d) To create policies Answer: b) To provide services to citizens Rationale: The main goal of public administration is to serve the public by managing resources efficiently to meet the needs of the community. 2. Which ethical principle requires public servants to act in ways that are fair and equitable? a) Integrity b) Transparency c) Justice d) Accountability Answer: c) Justice Rationale: Justice as an ethical principle ensures that public servants treat all individuals and groups with fairness and impartiality. 3. What is the concept of 'public interest' in public administration? a) The collective well-being of the community b) The interests of the government c) The preferences of public administrators d) The financial interest of the state Answer: a) The collective well-being of the community Rationale: Public interest refers to the welfare and well-being of the general public, which is the ultimate goal of public policies and actions. 4. Which of the following best describes 'administrative discretion'? a) The ability to make decisions within the framework of laws b) The power to enforce laws without oversight c) The process of electing public officials d) The act of lobbying for policy changes Answer: a) The ability to make decisions within the framework of laws Rationale: Administrative discretion allows public administrators some leeway in deciding how to implement policies while staying within legal boundaries.