1. What is an Eschatology?

a. A story of life after death, during Archaic Period

2. What is the Underworld?

a. Final home for mortals, no light, substance or hope/joy

b. Enter at extreme/inaccessible regions of the world

i. Must cross river (Ex. Styx) – boundary of life/death

ii. No escape, Hermes is Psychopomp that leads spirits

c. Controlled by Hades, Charon is ferry-man

i. Cerberus guards the gates

d. Later myths reflect idea of something better after death

i. Mystery religions hope for blessed afterlife

3. What are the 2 types of recompense for heroes?

a. Timé: awarded while alive, honour/recognition (ex. Precious objects,

best portions of feast)

b. Kleos: awarded after death, fame/glory (ex. Songs, monuments) –

“like after death”

4. What is Tartarus?

a. Lower than the Underworld, for the most horrible criminals:

i. Tityus: son of Zeus, tried to rape Leto, killed by her children

 tied to ground with vultures eating his liver

ii. Tantalus: son of Zeus, stole divine food, tried to trick them

with serving his son Pelops to them

 Eternally tantalized by food and drink

iii. Sisyphus: tied up Thanatos (“death”) so no one dies; Ares

untied him and “killed” Sisyphus

 Tricked Hades; told wife not to do funeral rites so he

couldn’t go to Underworld; stayed on Earth until old age

 Punished with pushing rock up-hill only for it to roll

down

iv. Ixion: first to kill own kin (father-in-law)

 No god could cure his miasma, Zeus did and invited him

to feast w/ gods; tried to rape Hera

a. Replaced with cloud, produced Kentauros

(Centaur)

 Punished with wheel rolling over Underworld

5. The Odyssey Book 11